Plusquamperfekt
Past perfect describes an event that had happened in the past before another event has happened. Its function is the same as the past perfect tense in English. This tense is called as Plusquamperfekt in German. It is formed similar to present perfect tense, i.e. using the past participle. However, as auxiliary verbs the simple past forms of haben or sein are used. Regarding this point, what we covered previously about the correct uses haben or sein together with the past participle is valid for this tense as well. Hence, if a verb is used with haben in present perfect tense, it should be used with haben in past perfect tense too.
Let’s review how “sein” and “haben” are conjugated in simple past tense first of all.
Sein in simple past
Ich war (I was)
Du warst (you were)
Er/sie/es war (he/she/it was)
Wir waren (we were)
Ihr wart (you were)
Sie/Sie waren (they/you were)
Haben in simple past
Ich hatte (I had)
Du hattest (you had)
Er/sie/es hatte (he/she/it had)
Wir hatten (we had)
Ihr hattet (you had)
Sie/Sie hatten (they/you had)
So, to build a sentence in past participle you will need the appropriate form of haben and sein and also the past participle of the verb. For example, “I had already done my homework” is in German:
I hatte meine Hausaufgabe schon gemacht.
but
Ich war in die Stadt gefahren (I had gone to the city)
Because “fahren” is used with sein.
As before, the past participle of the verbs stays always at the end of the sentence.
The two helping verbs “haben” and “sein” are used like the following in past perfect tense.
Sein
Ich war gewesen
Du warst gewesen
Er/sie/es war gewesen
Wir waren gewesen
Ihr wart gewesen
Haben
Ich hatte gehabt
Du hattest gehabt
Er/sie/es hatte gehabt
Wir hatten gehabt
Ihr hattet gehabt
sie/Sie hatten gehabt
Nachdem
Nachdem which means “after that” is used very often in past perfect tense.
Ich ging nach Hause, nachdem Ich ihn besucht hatte (After I had visited him, I went home)
Note that the second clause starting with “nachdem” is used with the past perfect tense and the main clause is in the simple past. With clauses with nachdem “past participle + haben” stays at the end of the sentence. On the other hand, the main clause does not need to stay at the beginning. For example, the above sentence could be also expressed as “Nachdem Ich ihn besucht hatte, ging Ich nach Hause”.
Vocabulary
Learn some important German idioms
vieles unter einen Hut bringen: to combine a lot of things
das ist ein dicker Hund: it’s a bad mistake
zu viel in Glas gucken: to drink too much
es gießt in Strömen: it rains heavily
darauf kannst du Gift nehmen: you can count on that
eine Haken haben: to have a difficulty
einen langen Hals machen: to be curious
ein Herz und eine Seele sein: to be inseparable
Lehrgeld zahlen: to have bad experiences
zu guter Letzt: at the end
in die Luft gehen: to be very angry
die nackte Wahrheit: the pure reality