Estilo Indirecto (Reported Speech) - Aprender Inglés
Existen dos maneras de informar lo que otras personas han dicho: el estilo directo y el estilo indirecto.
Direct Speech ( estilo directo)
“I am going to visit my grandmother today” she said to me.
“Voy a visitar a mi abuela hoy” me dijo ella.
He told:” I am so tired this morning”
Él dijo: “Estoy tan cansado esta mañana”
They said: “ We are going to buy a new house”
Ellas dijieron: “ Vamos a comprar una nueva casa”
He told me: “ You are my best friend”
Me dijo: “Eres mi mejor amigo”
Indirect Speech ( estilo indirecto)
En el estilo indirecto no hace falta reproducir exactamente lo que se dijo palabra por palabra, ni tampoco se utilizan las comillas para realzar lo dicho.
Palabras usadas en el indirect speech para unir las oraciones:
That
If, whether ( si)
Las oraciones en Present Simple se transforman Past Simple.
Ejemplos
Direct Speech ------------------------------------Indirect Speech
I am glad to meet you, he said--- He said he was glad to
meet me.
I am American, he said---------- He said he is an American
This is a beautiful place, he said ----- He said that this is a beautiful place
Present Continuous
My boyfriend is buying some new clothes, she said.
My mother is going to the supermarket, the boy said. |
Past Continuous
She said that his boyfriend was buying some new clothes.
The boy said that his mother was going to the supermarket.
|
Past Simple My friend went to the cinema last night.
I bought new magazines yesterday, she said. |
Past Perfect Simple He said that his friend had gone to the cinema last night.
She said the she had bought new magazines.
|
Past Continuous
I was working all day, he said.
I was writing a letter when he called me, she said. |
Past Perfect Continuous
He said that he had been working all day.
She said that she had been writing a letter when he called her.
|
Present Perfect Simple
She said, "I've already eaten my lunch.
Pat said, “I haven’t eaten my lunch yet”. |
Past Perfect Simple
She told me that she had already eaten her lunch.
Pat told me that she had not eaten her lunch yet.
|
Present Perfect Continuous I´ve been working in this shop for the last three years, he said.
|
Past Perfect Continuous He told me that he had been working in this shop for the last three years.
|
Past Perfect Simple I had been in Buenos Aires two years ago, she said.
We had studied English and French during the last two months, they said.
|
Past Perfect Simple (*NO CHANGE) She told me that she had been in Buenos Aires two years ago.
They told that they had studied English and French during the last two months.
|
Past Perfect Continuous They said” We had been working in that company for long years before we retired” |
Past Perfect Continuous (*NO CHANGE ) They said that they had been working in that company for long years before they retired. |
NO HAY CAMBIOS DEL TIEMPO VERBAL:
Si hablamos de algo que se mantiene en la misma situación, o sea que no ha cambiado y que todavía es verdad, o que se sucederá en el futuro NO tenemos que cambiar el tiempo verbal.
Ejemplos
I am American, she said. She said that she is American.
My sister is in England now, he said. He said that his sister is in England now.
I am a great football fan, she said. She said that he is a great football fan.
Con los Verbos Modales
Cuando usamos "would", "could", "should", "might" y "ought to", el tiempo no cambia
Direct Speech |
Indirect Speech |
Will |
Would |
"I'll go to the movies this Saturday," Mary said. |
Mary said she would go to the movies this Saturday. |
"Will you help me , dear?" he asked. |
He asked me if you would help him. |
Can |
Could |
Mary said, "John can travel tomorrow." |
Mary said John could travel tomorrow. |
"Can you open that door, please?", she asked. |
She asked me if I could open that door. |
Must |
Had to |
"You must wear your seatbelt," my father said. |
My father said I had to wear my seatbelt. |
She said, "You must leave tomorrow." |
She said I had to leave tomorrow.
|
Shall |
Should |
"Shall we go to the park now” John asked. |
John asked if we should go to the park now. |
"What shall we do tonight?" she asked. |
She asked me what we should do tonight. |
May |
Might/Could |
He said , "I may not be in the city tomorrow." |
He said he might not be in the city tomorrow. |
"May I use the bathroom, please?" I asked him. |
I asked if I could use the bathroom. |
Cuando usamos say:
Lo podemos usar en en el estilo directo y el indirecto.
Para usar say con un objeto personal, debemos usar to
I need your help, he said to me.( direct)
He said to me that he needed my help (indirect)
Podemos usar tell con el mismo fin en ambos estilos.
Vocabulary
En Español | En Inglés |
un, una | A, an |
americano/a (estadounidense) | American |
conjunción | And |
baño | Bathroom |
hermoso/a | Beautiful |
mejor | Best |
novio | Boyfriend |
ciudad | City |
ropa | cloth |
amigo/a | Friend |
idioma francés; francés | French |
contento/a | Glad |
mitad ( half an hour: media hora) | half |
su, sus | his |
de él | his |
hora | hour |
casa | house |
enfermo/a | ill |
últimamente, hace poco | lately |
último/a | last |
partido | Match |
minuto | minute |
mes | month |
nuevo/a | new |
noche | night |
uno | one, sustantivo |
parque | Park |
lugar | Place |
paciente | Patient |
dólar | |
proyecto | project |
recientemente, hace poco (tiempo) | recently |
desde, desde que | since |
algunos/as, unos/as | some |
cansado/a | tired |
diez | ten |
equipo | team |
tres | three |
hoy | today |
mañana | tomorrow |
esta noche | tonight |
urgente | urgent |
voz | Voice |
semana | week |
vino | wine |
con | with |
qué | what |
año | year |
ayer | yesterday |
Verbos
En Español | En Inglés |
comprar | To buy |
charlar, parlotear | To chat |
hacer | To do |
beber | To drink |
ir | To go |
sentir, sentirse | To feel |
encontrar | To find |
oir | To hear |
ayudar | To help |
abandonar; dejar; partir | To leave |
vivir | To live |
encontrarse; conocer, presentar | To meet |
fumar | To smoke |
viajar | To travel |
visitar | To visit |
esperar | To wait |
ganar | To win |
trabajar | To work |
poder | May |
Idioms
So far: muy lejos
At night: de noche
Ago: hace xxx tiempo ( three month ago, hace tres meses, tres mese atrás)
Go to the movies: ir al cine