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Estilo Indirecto (Reported Speech) - Aprender Inglés

Existen dos maneras de informar lo que otras personas han dicho: el estilo directo y el estilo indirecto.

Direct Speech ( estilo directo)

“I am going to visit my grandmother today” she said to me.

“Voy a visitar a mi abuela hoy” me dijo ella.

 

He told:” I am so tired this morning”

Él dijo: “Estoy tan cansado esta mañana”

 

They said: “ We are going to buy a new house”

Ellas dijieron: “ Vamos a comprar una nueva casa”

 

He told me: “ You are my best friend”

Me dijo: “Eres mi mejor amigo”

 

Indirect Speech ( estilo indirecto)

En el estilo indirecto no hace falta reproducir exactamente lo que se dijo palabra por palabra, ni tampoco se utilizan las comillas para realzar lo dicho.

  

Palabras usadas en el indirect speech para unir las oraciones:

That

If, whether ( si)

 

Las oraciones en Present Simple se transforman Past Simple.

Ejemplos

Direct Speech  ------------------------------------Indirect Speech

I am glad to meet you, he said---            He said he was glad to

 

                                                                                      meet me.

 

I am American, he said----------     He said he is an American

This is a beautiful place, he said ­­-----   He said that this is a beautiful place

 

Present Continuous

 

 My boyfriend is buying some new clothes, she said.

 

My mother is going to the supermarket, the boy said.

Past Continuous

 

She said that his boyfriend was buying some new clothes.

 

The boy said that his mother was going to the supermarket.

 

 

Past Simple

My friend went to the cinema last night.

 

I bought new magazines yesterday, she said.

Past Perfect Simple

He said that his friend had gone to the cinema last night.

 

She said the she had bought new magazines.

 

Past Continuous

 

I was working all day, he said.

 

I was writing a letter when he called me, she said.

Past Perfect Continuous

 

He said that he had been working all day.

 

She said that she had been writing a letter when he called her.

 

Present Perfect Simple

 

 She said, "I've already eaten my lunch.

 

Pat said, “I haven’t eaten my lunch yet”.

Past Perfect Simple

 

She told me that she had already eaten her lunch.

 

Pat told me that she had not eaten her lunch yet.

 

Present Perfect Continuous

I´ve been  working in this shop for the last three years, he said.

 

Past Perfect Continuous

He told me that he had been working in this shop for the last three years.

 

 

 

Past Perfect Simple

I had been in Buenos Aires two years ago, she said.

 

We had studied English and French during the last two months, they said.

 

 

Past Perfect Simple (*NO CHANGE)

She told me that she had been in Buenos Aires two years ago.

 

They told that they had studied English and French during the last two months.

 

 

 

Past Perfect Continuous

They said” We had been working in that company for long years before we retired”

Past Perfect Continuous (*NO CHANGE

)

They said that they had been working in that company for long years before they retired.

NO HAY CAMBIOS DEL TIEMPO VERBAL:

 

Si hablamos de algo que se mantiene en la misma situación, o sea que no ha cambiado y que todavía es verdad, o que se sucederá en el futuro NO tenemos que cambiar el tiempo verbal.

  

Ejemplos

I am American, she said. She said that  she is American.

 

My sister is in England now, he said. He said that his sister is in England now.

 

I am a great football fan, she said. She said that he is a great football fan.

Con los Verbos Modales

Cuando usamos "would", "could", "should", "might" y "ought to", el tiempo no cambia

Direct Speech

Indirect Speech

Will

Would

 

"I'll go to the movies this Saturday," Mary said.

 

Mary said she would go to the movies this Saturday.

 

"Will you help me , dear?" he asked.

 

He asked me if you would help him.

Can

Could

 

Mary said, "John can travel tomorrow."

 

Mary said  John could travel tomorrow.

 

"Can you open that door, please?", she asked.

She asked me if I could open that door.

Must

Had to

 

"You must wear your seatbelt," my father said.

 

My father said I had to wear my seatbelt.

She said, "You must leave tomorrow."

She said I had to leave tomorrow.

 

Shall

Should

"Shall we go to the park now” John asked.

 

 

 

John asked

 if we should go to the park now.

 

"What shall we do tonight?" she asked.

 

She asked me what we should do tonight.

May

Might/Could

 

He said , "may not be in the city  tomorrow."

 

 

He said he might not be in the city tomorrow.

 

"May I use the bathroom, please?" I asked him.

 

 

I asked if I could use the bathroom.

Cuando usamos say:

Lo podemos usar en en el estilo directo y el indirecto.

Para usar say con un objeto personal, debemos usar to

 

I need your help, he said to me.( direct)

He said to me that he needed my help (indirect)

 

Podemos usar tell con el mismo fin en ambos estilos.

Vocabulary

En Español En Inglés
un, una A, an
americano/a (estadounidense) American
conjunción And
baño Bathroom
hermoso/a Beautiful
mejor Best
novio Boyfriend
ciudad City
ropa cloth
amigo/a Friend
idioma francés; francés French
contento/a Glad
mitad ( half an hour: media hora) half
su, sus his
de él his
hora hour
casa house
enfermo/a ill
últimamente, hace poco lately
último/a last
partido Match
minuto minute
mes month
nuevo/a new
noche night
uno one, sustantivo
parque Park
lugar Place
paciente Patient
dólar Pocket
proyecto project
recientemente, hace poco (tiempo) recently
desde, desde que since
algunos/as, unos/as some
cansado/a tired
diez ten
equipo team
tres three
hoy today
mañana tomorrow
esta noche tonight
urgente urgent
voz Voice
semana week
vino wine
con with
qué what
año year
ayer yesterday

Verbos

 

En Español En Inglés
comprar To buy
charlar, parlotear To chat
hacer To do
beber To drink
ir To go
sentir, sentirse To feel
encontrar To find
oir To hear
ayudar To help
abandonar; dejar; partir To leave
vivir To live
encontrarse; conocer, presentar To meet
fumar To smoke
viajar To travel
visitar To visit
esperar To wait
ganar To win
trabajar To work
poder May

Idioms

So far: muy lejos

At night: de noche

Ago: hace xxx tiempo ( three month ago, hace tres meses, tres mese atrás)

Go to the movies: ir al cine 

A Practicar

We like an American movie we have seen this week, they said.

Ir a Ejercicios